Real-world vs rated range
Rated range is the lab-test figure (WLTP, EPA, CLTC); real-world range is what you actually get on the road, almost always lower due to cold, speed and climate.
Rated range is a test score: useful for comparing cars by the same yardstick, but measured in ideal conditions. Real-world range depends on how, where and in what climate you drive.
Highway at speed, cold, heat with air conditioning and mountains are the big mileage thieves. Rule of thumb: treat the rated figure as a ceiling, not a promise, and always check which cycle produced it.