Cell-to-pack (CTP / Blade)
A way of building the battery by placing the cells straight into the pack, with no intermediate modules. It gains space and rigidity. BYD's 'Blade' is the best-known example.
A traditional battery is built like a nesting doll: cells inside modules, modules inside the pack. The cell-to-pack (CTP) design drops the middle step and places the cells directly in the pack, making better use of every centimeter.
BYD's Blade takes the idea to the extreme with long, flat cells — LFP chemistry — that also add structure, like the planks of a floor. The result is more range in the same volume and a tougher battery, two of the reasons Chinese EVs became so competitive.