Thermal management
The system that keeps the battery in its ideal temperature range. It can be air (passive, simpler) or liquid (active, more effective), and it matters a lot in hot climates.
A lithium battery works best in a narrow temperature range. Too much heat ages it faster; too much cold drops performance and complicates charging. Thermal management is the system that keeps it in its comfort zone.
There are two schools. Air cooling is simple and cheap, but limited. Liquid cooling circulates a fluid around the cells and controls temperature far better — it's what nearly every modern EV uses. In a hot climate the difference is large: an older air-cooled-only model tends to degrade sooner.